用个人计算机做物理实验 英文版
作者： H.M.STAUDENMAIER 编著
出版时间： 1998年版
内容简介
In many fields of physics the use of on-line computers in research experiments is daily routine and without computers scientific progress is often unthinkable in our times .Computer-aided experimentation and measurement hqve become important aspects in professional life in research as well as in industry.Nevertheless these subjects are not really covered in the physics curricula of most universities and we believe it to be an important task for professors and teaching staff to familiarize students with computer applications in their own and neighbouring fields.In general it is desirable that students also learn some of the useful concepts of the nes science called \”\”informatics\”\”or\”\”computer science\”\”.Successful attempts have already been made in the field of computer applications in theoretical physics and various universities now offer elaborate courses;excellent textbooks are also available.本书为英文版。
目录
Contents
Part 1 Mechanics
Fourier Analysis of Some Simple Periodic Signals
By R. Lincke (With 17 Figures)
1.1 Apparatus
1.2 Programs
1.3 Experiments
1.3.1 Simple Harmonic Wave
1.3.2 Beats
1.3.3 Amplitude Modulation
1.3.4 Rectangles
1.4 Didactic and Pedagogical Aspects
References
Appendix l.A
Point Mechanics by Experiments –
Direct Access to Motion Data
By R. Dengler and K. Luchner (With 20 Figures)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ORVICO
2.2.1 Principle
2.2.2 Hardware
2.2.3 Software
2.3 Examples
2.3.1 Ballistic Motion
2.3.2 The Rigid Pendulum
2.3.3 Frame of Reference
2.3.4 Statistical Motion on an Air Table
2.3.5 Spheric Pendulum
2.3.6 Two Point Masses Observed
2.4 Conclusion
References
Part 11 Thermodynamics
Application of PID Control to a Thermal Evaporation Source
By B. D. Hall (With 12 Figures)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The System to be Controlled:
An Inert-Gas-Aggregation Source
3.2.1 Background
3.2.2 The Inert-Gas-Aggregation Technique
3.2.3 A Description
of a Real Inert-Gas-Aggregation Source
3.3 Description of the PID Control Algorithm
3.3.1 The PID Control Algorithm
3.4 I mplementing the PID Algorithm on a Computer
3.4.1 Program Structure and the Use of Interrupts
3.5 Adjusting the PID
3.5.1 The Ziegler-Nichols\’ Methods
3.6 Possibilities Offered by the Leman Source
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Computer Control of the Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
By B. W. James (With 17 Figures)
4.1 Thermal Conductivity
4.1.1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
with Parallel Heat Flow
4.1.2 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
with Non-Parallel Heat Flow
4.2 Experimental Considerations
4.2.1 The Thermocouple as a Temperature
Measuring Device
4.2.2. The AD595 Thermocouple Amplifier
Integrated Circuit
4.2.3 Thermocouple Accuracy
4.2.4 Calibration of the Thermocouples
4.2.5 Thermocouple Selection Multiplexing Circuit
4.2.6 Multiplexor Control
4.2.7 The IEEE-488 Bus Interface Unit
4.2.8 The Control and Measurement Software
4.2.9 Discussion of the Experiment
4.3 The Computer Simulation
References
Appendix 4.A.
Appendix 4.B
Part III Solid State Physics
Experiments with High-Tc Superconductivity
By M. Ottenberg and B. M. Staudenmaier (With 4\’Figures)
5.1 Experimental Setup
5.1.1 The Apparatus
5.1.2 Electronics
5.1.3 Computer, Interface and Software
5.2 Measurements
5.2.1 Resistance Measurement
5.2.2 Tunnel Diode Oscillator Measurernent
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Detailed Analysis of the Resistance
and TDO Measurements
5.3.2 Thermodynamic and Calorimentric Results
5.3.3 Experience Within the Laboratory Course
References
Appendix 5.A: Electric Circuit Diagrams
Appendix 5.B: Spline Fit Program SPLFIT
Computer Control of Low Temperature
Specific Heat Measurement
By G. Keeler (With 13 Figures)
6.1 Basic Physics
6.1.1 Specific Heat
6.1.2 Low Temperature Specific Heat
6.1.3 The Debye Model for the Specific Heat
6.1.4 Specific Heat Anomalies
6.2 Experimental Setup
6.2.1 Specimen
6.2.2 Apparatus
6.2.3 Electronics
6.2.4 Microcomputer Control
6.3 Measurements and Results
6.3.1 Measurement Principles
6.3.2 Using the Computer Program
6.3.3 Typical Results
6.4 Discussion
References
Appendix 6.A: Circuit Diagrams
Appendix 6.B: Program Listing
7. Computer-Controlled Observations
of Surface Plasmon-Polaritons
By A. D. BoaTdman, A. M. Moghadam and J. L. Bingham
(With 14 Figures)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Computer-Controlled ATR Experiment
7.2.1 Prism Geometry
7.2.2 Computer Control of ATR Measurements
7.3 Comments on the Mechanics Design
and the Computer Interface
7.4 Conclusion
References
Part IV Optics and Atomic Physics
8. Molecular Spectroscopy of 12
By V. Diemer and B. J. Jodl (With 8 Figures)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Some Basic Physics of the Diatomic Molecule
8.3 Experimental Setup
8.3.1 The Classical Arrangement
8.3.2 Extensions: Online Use of a Computer
8.4 Measurements
8.4.1 Calibration of the System
8.4.2 Recording the Absorption Spectra
8.4.3 Recording the Fluorescence Spectra
8.4.4 Some Additional Features of the Program LAmDA
8.5 Analysis of the Spectra Using the Program JOD
8.5.1 Analysis of Absorption Spectra
8.5.2 Some Optional Exercises
8.6 Pedagogical Aspects
References
9. Optical Transfer Functions
By H. Pulvermacher (With 14 Figures)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mathematical Tools
9.2.1 Fourier Transforms
9.2.2 Theory of Transfer Functions
9.2.3 Imaging with Space Invariant Systems
9.2.4 Coherent Optics
9.2.5 Incoherent Optics
9.2.6 Exercises and Questions
9.3 Experimental Set Up
9.3.1 Preliminary Considerations
9.3.2 The Optics
9.3.3 The Test Object
9.3.4 The Electronics
9.3.5 The Adjustment
9.3.6 The Software for Experimentation and Evaluation
9.4 Evaluation
9.4.1 The Tasks
9.4.2 The General Procedure of Evaluation
9.4.3 Influence of the Detector Slit
9.4.4 Pure Defect of Focus
9.4.5 Diffraction and Defect of Focus
9.4.6 Quasi-Coherent Illumination
9.5 Didactic and Pedagogical Aspects
9.5.1 Goals
9.5.2 Interpretation of Data
9.5.3 Presentation of Data
9.5.4 Complications and Limitations of the Model
9.5.5 Applications of Fourier Optics
Appendix 9.A: Diffraction by a Sector Star
References
Part V Nuclear Physics
10. Nuclear Spectrometry Using a PC Converted
to a Multichannel Analyser
By J. S. Braunsfurth (With 13 Figures)
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Hardware Concept
10.1.2 Target Group
10.1.3 MCA Design Alternatives
10.2 Basic Physics
10.2.1 Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation
with Matter
10.2.2 Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in Matter
10.2.3 Interaction of Particle Radiation with Matter
10.2.4 Bremsstrahlung
10.2.5 X-Ray Fluorescence
10.3 Detectors and Measuring Equipment
10.3.1 Scintillation Detectors for B and r Spectrometry
10.3.2 Signal Recording Equipment;
the Multichannel Analyser
10.3.3 Energy Resolution of a Detector
10.3.4 Radiation Detection Efficiency
10.4 Experimental Setup
10.4.1 Hardware Setup
10.4.2 General Structure of the MCA Program;
Program Kemel
10.4.3 MCA Program Menues
10.5 Experiments
10.5.1 General Considerations
10.5.2 r-Ray Absorption; Radiation Intensity Buildup
by Compton Interaction
10.5.3 B Spectrum; Energy Loss of Electrons in Matter
10.6 Student Reactions
References
11. Parity Violation in the Weak Interaction
By E. Kankeleit, E. Jager, C. Muntz, M. D. Rhein,
and P. Schwxalbach (With 7 Figures)
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Basic Physics
11.3 Experimental Setup
11.3.1 Electronics
11.3.2 Software
11.4 Measurements and Results
11.4.1 General Remarks
11.4.2 Energy Calibration
11.4.3 Background Measurement
11.4.4 Measurement of the f Polarization
11.4.5 Results and Discussion
11.5 Didactic and Pedagogical Aspects
References
12. Receiving and Interpreting Orbital Satellite Data.
A Computer Experiment for Educational Purposes
By T. Kessler, S. M. Ruger and W.-D. Woidt (With 13 Figures)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The UoSAT Satellites
12.3 The Receiving System
12.4 Discriminating Valid Data from Noise and Interference
12.5 The Real Time Data Acquisition System
12.6 Whole Orbit Data Analysis
12.7 Practical Experience and Further Aspects
Acknowledgements (from the third author)
References
Subject Index
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